Johannes Vermeer A Dutch Baroque Period Painter
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Johannes Vermeer (1632 – 1675) was a Dutch Baroque Period painter who specialized in domestic interior scenes of middle class life. He was a moderately successful provincial genre painter in his lifetime but evidently was not wealthy, leaving his wife and children in debt at his death, perhaps because he produced relatively few paintings.

Vermeer worked slowly and with great care, and frequently used very expensive pigments. He is particularly renowned for his masterly treatment and use of light in his work.

Vermeer painted mostly domestic interior scenes. “Almost all his paintings are apparently set in two smallish rooms in his house in Delft; they show the same furniture and decorations in various arrangements and they often portray the same people, mostly women.”

Vermeer may have first executed his paintings tonally like most painters of his time, using either monochrome shades of grey (“grisaille”) or a limited palette of browns and greys (“dead coloring”), over which he would apply more saturated colors (reds, yellows and blues) in the form of transparent glazes. No drawings have been positively attributed to Vermeer, and his paintings offer few clues to preparatory methods.

Vermeer produced a total of fewer than 50 paintings, of which 34 have survived. Only three Vermeer paintings are dated: The Procuress (1656; Gemäldegalerie, Dresden); The Astronomer (1668; Musée du Louvre, Paris); and The Geographer (1669; Städelsches Kunstinstitut, Frankfurt).

Works of Pierre-Auguste Renoir

Girl with a Pearl Earring (1665), considered a Vermeer masterpiece
The Milkmaid (c. 1658)
The Girl with the Wine Glass (c. 1659)
The Music Lesson or A Lady at the Virginals with a Gentleman (c. 1662–1665)
Vermeer’s Art of Painting or The Allegory of Painting (c. 1666–1668)
The Astronomer (c. 1668)
The Geographer (1669)
Lady Seated at a Virginal (c. 1672)