Anthony van Dyck – A Flemish Baroque Painter
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Sir Anthony van Dyck (1599 – 1641) was a Flemish Baroque artist who became the leading court painter in England after success in the Southern Netherlands and Italy.

The seventh child of Frans van Dyck, a wealthy Antwerp silk merchant, Anthony was precocious as a youth and painted from an early age. In his late teens he was already enjoying success as an independent painter, becoming a master in the Antwerp guild in 1618. By this time he was working in the studio of the leading northern painter of the day, Peter Paul Rubens, who became a major influence on his work. Van Dyck worked in London for some months in 1621, then returned to Flanders for a brief time, before travelling to Italy, where he stayed until 1627, mostly based in Genoa. In the late 1620s he completed his greatly admired Iconography series of portrait etchings, mostly of other artists. He spent five years after his return from Italy in Flanders, and from 1630 was court painter for the archduchess Isabella, Habsburg Governor of Flanders. In 1632 he returned to London to be the main court painter, at the request of Charles I of England.

Much later, the styles worn by his models provided the names of the Van Dyke beard for the sharply pointed and trimmed goatees popular for men in his day, and the van Dyke collar, “a wide collar across the shoulders edged copiously with lace”. During the reign of George III, a generic “Cavalier” fancy-dress costume called a Van Dyke was popular; Gainsborough’s The Blue Boy is wearing such a Van Dyke outfit. In 1774 Derby porcelain advertised a figure, after a portrait by Johann Zoffany, of “the King in a Vandyck dress”.

A confusing number of different pigments used in painting have been called “Vandyke brown” (mostly in English-language sources). Some predate van Dyck, and it is not clear that he used any of them. Van Dyke brown is an early photographic printing process using the same colour.

When van Dyck was knighted in 1632, he anglicized his name to Vandyke.

Selected works of Anthony van Dyck

Christ Crowned with Thorns (c. 1620) in the Prado
Teresa Sampsonia, Lady Shirley, in Rome, 1622
Elena Grimaldi, Genoa, 1623
Nicholas Lanier, 1628
The Vision of the Blessed Hermann Joseph c. 1629–30
Rest on the Flight into Egypt, ca. 1630, Alte Pinakothek, Munich
Marie-Louise de Tassis, Antwerp, 1630
Charles I with M. de St Antoine, 1633
Katherine, Countess of Chesterfield, and Lucy, Countess of Huntingdon, c. 1636–40, oil on canvas, Yale Center for British Art
Equestrian Portrait of Charles I, c. 1637–38
Cupid and Psyche, 1638
Portrait of Mary Hill, Lady Killigrew, 1638