Robert Seldon Duncanson (1821-1872) was a nineteenth century American artist of European and African ancestry
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Robert Seldon Duncanson (1821 – December 21, 1872) was a nineteenth-century American artist of European and African ancestry known for his contributions to landscape painting. Inspired by famous American landscape artists like Thomas Cole, Duncanson created renowned landscape paintings and is considered a second-generation Hudson River School artist. Duncanson spent the majority of his career in Cincinnati, Ohio and helped develop the Ohio River Valley landscape tradition. As a free black man in antebellum America, Duncanson utilized the white abolitionist community in America and England to support and promote his work. Duncanson is considered the first African-American artist to be internationally known. He operated in the elite cultural circles of Cincinnati, Detroit, Montreal, and London. The primary art historical debate centered on Duncanson concerns the role that contemporary racial issues played in his work. Some art historians, like Joseph D. Ketner, believe that Duncanson used racial metaphors in his artwork, while others, like Margaret Rose Vendryes, discourage viewers from approaching his art with a racialized perspective.

Robert Seldon Duncanson was one of few African American landscape painters of the nineteenth century, and he achieved levels of success unknown to his contemporaries. Richard Powell of American Visions says that Duncanson’s success is a “victory over society’s presumptions of what African-American artists should create.” Duncanson became nationally and internationally known for his landscape paintings modeled after the Hudson River School tradition and is credited with developing the regional Ohio River Valley art form. Art historian Joseph D. Ketner claims that Duncanson’s greatest contribution to art was “his distinctively picturesque-pastoral vision of landscape painting with allusions to popular romantic literature.”

Tragically, mental illness ended the artist’s career and life, a circumstance perhaps attributable as much to long-term lead poisoning as to the social and personal pressures of his interracial heritage. Ultimately, however, the psychological difficulties that he suffered do not diminish his ambitions and accomplishments as a photographer, muralist, and painter.

Robert Seldon Duncanson list of artworks
Portrait of a Mother and Daughter, 1841 (Fulton County Arts Council, Hammonds House, Atlanta, Georgia)
Trial of Shakespeare, 1843 (Douglass Settlement House, Toledo, Ohio)
Roses Fancy Still Life, 1843 (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
Mt. Healthy, Ohio, 1844 (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
Drunkard’s Plight, 1845 (Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan)
At the Foot of the Cross, 1846 (Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan)
Cliff Mine, Lake Superior, 1848 (F. Ward Paine, Jr., Portola Valley, California)
Mayan Ruins, Yucatan, 1848 (Dayton Art Institute, Dayton, Ohio)
The Belmont Murals, c. 1850–1852 (Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio)
Blue Hole, Flood Waters, Little Miami River, 1851 (Cincinnati Art Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio)
View of Cincinnati, Ohio From Covington, Kentucky, 1851 (Cincinnati Historical Society)
The Garden of Eden (after Cole), 1852 (High Museum of Art, Atlanta, Georgia)
Dream of Arcadia (after Cole), 1852 (Private Collection, New York City)
Uncle Tom and Little Eva, 1853 (Detroit Institute of Arts, Detroit, Michigan)
Italianate Landscape, 1855 (California African American Museum, Los Angeles, California)
Robbing the Eagle’s Nest, 1856 (National Museum of African American History and Culture)
Untitled (Landscape), late 1850s (Princeton University Art Museum)
The Rainbow, 1859 (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
Land of Lotus Eaters, 1861 (Collection of His Royal Majesty, the King of Sweden)
Faith, 1862 (National Afro-American Museum and Cultural Center, Wilberforce, Ohio)
Vale of Kashmir, 1863 (Cleveland Museum of Art, Cleveland, Ohio)
A Dream of Italy, 1865 (Birmingham Museum of Art, Birmingham, Alabama)
Cottate Opposite Pass at Ben Lomond, 1866 (Museum of Art, North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina, purchase)
Mountain Landscape with Cows and Sheep, 1866 (Newark Museum, Newark, New Jersey, purchase)
Loch Long, Scotland, 1867 (National Museum of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.)
The Caves, 1869 (Amon Carter Museum of American Art)
Dog’s Head Scotland, 1870 (Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Boston, Massachusetts)